Category Archives: Health Statistics

How to Remember All Those Health Statistics

Numbers, numbers, numbers…

For the WELL exam, you’re expected to know a lot of health statistics.  Random strings of digits are hard to remember (think phone numbers—anyone still memorize those?).  Our brains are looking for meaning, structure and order, and numbers typically don’t provide that.  The best way that I found to address this method called the Mnemonic Major System (terrible name).  I’ll summarize this system, but you can also read about this in detail here:

This is helpful.  On first glance, it looks complicated, and my first impression was to take a pass.  But it’s not as hard as it looks, and turned out to be a helpful investment of a little time.  Instead of trying to completely master this system, I would learn as you need.

Here’s the gist:

  1. Take numbers and convert them into (pre-assigned) letters, specifically consonants.
  2. Insert vowels (your choice) to make these consonants
  3. Turn the word into a vivid (memorable) visual image.

The Wikipedia article gives a number of different options for assigning letters to numbers, but I’d start with a few basic assignments and then add as you need.

0 — Assign z or s.  “Zero” starts with z.

1 — Assign t or d, which both have 1 downstroke.

2 — Assign n, which has 2 downstrokes.

3 — Assign m, which has 3 downstrokes.

4 — Assign r, since “four” ends with the “r” sound.

5 — Assign L.  “L” is the roman numeral for 50.  Also, if you stretch out your left hand, your thumb and index finger will form an “L”

6 — Assign G.  Writing the letter G is like writing the number 6.  Also, lower case g looks like a rotated 6

7 — Assign K.  Think of the letter K as being formed by two 7’s intersecting at their points.

8 — Assign f.  This is a harder assignment, but think of either a cursive lower case f or an f with curly top and bottom as resembling the number 8.

9 — Assign p, which looks like a flipped 9.  You can also use b.

Some of these are easier to remember than others.

As an example, say that you are trying to remember that every year, worldwide, not eating enough fruits and vegetables contributes to 2.7 million deaths.  To remember 2 and 7, you might start with this:

  1. Assign n to 2 and K to 7
  2. Form the word “nook” (you know, the Barnes and Nobles e-reader)
  3. Visualize a barrage of fruits and vegetables flying out of the screen of a Nook.

If you need more letters to assign, read the Wikipedia article.  There are also some sites out there that will automatically generate words for you, for instance, here:

As a side commentary— Remembering random health statistics might feel like a waste of time—why is IWBI asking us to know this?!  But personally, I think it helps to take a more positive look.  If you really think about some of these health statistics, you start to realize the gravity of how our built environments and our ways of living are so unhealthy.  For instance, take the fact that 1 in 7 people are smokers.  With a world population of 7 billion people, that’s 1 billion smokers.  Add the statistic that on average, smokers live 10 years less.  One whole decade!  10 years times 1 billion people = 10 billion years of lost productivity, joy of living or opportunity to contribute to the world, not to mention all the associated healthcare costs.  As a future WELL Accredited Professional (yes, you’ll pass the exam!), having of these health statistics at your finger tips helps you be that much more convincing talking to potential clients about why creating healthy environments is so urgent.  And it can’t hurt to impress people at your next cocktail party!

So give this system a try.  No need to be a purist—I mixed and matched different study strategies myself, but a small investment of time to learn the Major system at the outset will save you some time and make learning the material easier down the road.

If you want to practice your new-found mastery of health statistics, quiz yourself using this free worksheet (email me at ty@healthybuildingres.com), and give yourself a pat on the back!

Health Statistics: Mind

  • Life expectancy reduction due to mental illness: 10 years.
  • Psychological illness contributes to 14% of deaths every year
  • % Americans affected by mood disorders: 21% (1/5)
  • Effect of mental illness on number of years spent living healthy (worldwide):
    • 184 Million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY)
    • 8.5 Million Years of Life Lost (YLL)
    • 176 Million Years Lived with Disability (YLD)
    • Note: “The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death.”  (Source: Wikipedia)
    • DALY = YLL + YLD
      • For a nice infographic of this, see here:
  • Number of Americans affected by depression: 16 Million

Health Statistics: Comfort

  • # Americans with lower back pain problems: 31 million (about 1/10 of the population).
  • Fraction of days missed from work that are attributable to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs): 1/3.
  • % of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) due to musculoskeletal disorders (worldwide): 7%
    • Note: “The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death.”  (Source: Wikipedia)
    • DALY = YLL + YLD
      • For a nice infographic of this, see here:
  • % people satisfied with the thermal environment of their workplace: 11%
  • Body temperature range: 97 to 100 degrees F (36 to 38 degrees C)
    • Regulated by hypothalamus

Health Statistics: Fitness

  • Recommended exercise per week:
    • Aerobic exercise: 30 minutes, 5 times / week
    • Strength: 2 times / week
  • Inactive people: Percent of adults, adolescents, and kids who obtain 30 minutes of physical activity per day:
    • U.S.
      • Elementary school children: 50%
      • Adolescents: 10%
      • Adults: 5%
    • Worldwide: 40%
  • Amount of moderate to high-intensity exercise adults typically engage in per day: 6 to 9 minutes.

  • Standing uses 50 calories more / hour compared to sitting
  • Life expectancy reduction due to sitting more than 3 hours / day: 2 years (can’t be offset by regular exercise).
  • Lack of physical inactivity:
    • 4th leading cause of morality.
    • Contributes to 3 to 5 million deaths worldwide (6% to 9%) each year.
    • Risk factors for mortality:
      1. High blood pressure
      2. Tobacco use
      3. High blood sugar
      4. Lack of physical activity
      5. Overweight and obesity

http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GlobalHealthRisks_report_full.pdf

  • % time people spend indoors: 90%
  • Even smaller amounts of regular exercise are effective.  Exercising 2-1/2 hours a week per week can reduce risk of death by 20%.

Health Statistics: Light

  • Number of Americans with sleep disorders: 50 to 70 million
  • Photoreceptor Peak Sensitivities:
    • ipRGC: 480 nm (teal-blue)
    • Rods: 498 nm (blue-green)
    • Cones: 555 nm (green-yellow)

 

Notes/Comments:

  • Mnemonics:
    • Think of photoreceptions being ordered from least sophisticated to most:
      • ipRGC  = light for circadian entrainment, without spatial resolution
      • Rods = black and white vision (dim light)
      • Cones = color vision
    • Think of color as progressing from blue-ish to green-ish to yellow-ish
    • Think of the peak wavelengths as rounded to 480 nm, 500 nm, 550 nm

Health Statistics: Nourishment

  • People are getting fatter.  Percent increase in caloric in-take in the U.S. between 1970 and 2010: 25%
  • Fraction of Americans are overweight or obese:
    • Overweight: about 2/3 (69%)
    • Obese: about 1/3 (35%) or ~ 1/2 the # of overweight people
  • Fraction of people worldwide are overweight or obese:
    • Overweight: about 2/5 (39%)
    • Obese: about 1/8 (13%) or ~ 1/3 the # of overweight people
  • Insufficient fruit and vegetable intake: Top 10 contributor to death (2.7 million worldwide)
  • Recommended daily allowance of fruits and vegetables (source: Dietary Guildelines for Americans):
    • Fruits: 4 servings
    • Vegetables: 5 servings
    • But only 6% to 8% of Americans consume this amount
  • Daily sugar intake:
    • Recommended: 6-9 teaspoons
    • Typical intake: 22 teaspoons
  • Food allergies prevalence:
    • Adults: 4%
    • Children: 8%
  • Food allergies: Hospital visits each year:
    • Emergency room visits: 30,000
    • Hospitalizations: 2,000
    • Deaths: 150
  • Food-borne illnesses: Hospital visits each year:
    • Illnesses: 48 million
    • Hospitalizations: 128,000
    • Deaths: 3,000
  • Every year, over $1 billion is spent advertising unhealthy foods to children.

Health Statistics: Water

  • Fraction of the body comprised of water: 2/3
  • Number of people worldwide who do not have access to safe drinking water, (source: World Health Organization): 1 billion
  • Annual deaths worldwide from lack of safe drinking water and sanitation (source: World Health Organization): 2 million
  • Pesticide prevalence:
    • In virtually all streams
    • In about half (30-60%) of wells, groundwater

Health Statistics: Air

Air Pollution:

  • #1 environmental cause of premature mortality
  • Contributes to:
    • Worldwide:
      • 7 Million premature deaths each year (1 out of every 8 deaths)
    • U.S.
      • 50,000 premature deaths each year

Smoking:

  • Prevalence:
    • Worldwide:
      • Total current world population: ~7 Billion
      • # Smokers: 1 Billion (or 1 in 7)
    • U.S.
      • Total current U.S. population: 320 Million
      • # Smokers: 42 Million (or 1 in 8)
  • Life Expectancy
    • Smokers live 10 years less (typically)
    • In the U.S., smoking contributes to 400,000 premature deaths each year

VOCS:

  • Indoors: levels are potentially 5x higher than outdoors

Carbon Monoxide:

  • Binds to hemoglobin 210 times more readily than oxygen